# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

ISSN:
1078-0947

eISSN:
1553-5231

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## Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A

October 2016 , Volume 36 , Issue 10

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2016, 36(10): 5223-5230 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016027 +[Abstract](1182) +[PDF](319.6KB)
Abstract:
We show that strong coincidences of a certain many choices of control points are equivalent to overlap coincidence for the suspension tiling of Pisot substitution. The result is valid for dimension $\ge 2$ as well, under certain topological conditions. This result gives a converse of the paper [2] and elucidates the tight relationship between two coincidences.
2016, 36(10): 5231-5244 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016028 +[Abstract](1236) +[PDF](432.7KB)
Abstract:
We deal with positive solutions for the Neumann boundary value problem associated with the scalar second order ODE $$u'' + q(t)g(u) = 0, \quad t \in [0, T],$$ where $g: [0, +\infty[\, \to \mathbb{R}$ is positive on $\,]0, +\infty[\,$ and $q(t)$ is an indefinite weight. Complementary to previous investigations in the case $\int_0^T q(t) < 0$, we provide existence results for a suitable class of weights having (small) positive mean, when $g'(u) < 0$ at infinity. Our proof relies on a shooting argument for a suitable equivalent planar system of the type $$x' = y, \qquad y' = h(x)y^2 + q(t),$$ with $h(x)$ a continuous function defined on the whole real line.
2016, 36(10): 5245-5255 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016029 +[Abstract](1170) +[PDF](343.1KB)
Abstract:
In this paper we completely characterize trivial polynomial Hamiltonian isochronous centers of degrees $5$ and $7$. Precisely, we provide simple formulas, up to linear change of coordinates, for the Hamiltonians of the form $H = \left(f_1^2 + f_2^2 \right)/2$, where $f = (f_1, f_2): \mathbb{R}^2\to \mathbb{R}^2$ is a polynomial map with $\det D f = 1$, $f(0,0) = (0,0)$ and the degree of $f$ is $3$ or $4$.
2016, 36(10): 5257-5266 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016030 +[Abstract](1080) +[PDF](365.0KB)
Abstract:
Let $K_1,\: K_2\subset \mathbb{R}^2$ be two convex, compact sets. We would like to know if there are commuting torus homeomorphisms $f$ and $h$ homotopic to the identity, with lifts $\tilde f$ and $\tilde h$ such that $K_1$ and $K_2$ are their rotation sets respectively. In this work, we prove some cases where it cannot happen, assuming some restrictions on rotation sets.
2016, 36(10): 5267-5285 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016031 +[Abstract](1371) +[PDF](470.3KB)
Abstract:
In this paper we study Liouville properties of smooth steady axially symmetric solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations. First, we provide another version of the Liouville theorem of [14] in the case of zero swirl, where we replaced the Dirichlet integrability condition by mild decay conditions. Then we prove some Liouville theorems under the assumption $||\frac{u_r}{r}{\bf 1}_{\{u_r< -\frac {1}{r}\}}||_{L^{3/2}(\mathbb{R}^3)} < C_{\sharp}$ where $C_{\sharp}$ is a universal constant to be specified. In particular, if $u_r(r,z)\geq -\frac1r$ for $\forall (r,z) \in [0,\infty) \times \mathbb{R}$, then ${\bf u}\equiv 0$. Liouville theorems also hold if $\displaystyle\lim_{|x|\to \infty}\Gamma =0$ or $\Gamma\in L^q(\mathbb{R}^3)$ for some $q\in [2,\infty)$ where $\Gamma= r u_{\theta}$. We also established some interesting inequalities for $\Omega := \frac{\partial_z u_r-\partial_r u_z}{r}$, showing that $\nabla\Omega$ can be bounded by $\Omega$ itself. All these results are extended to the axially symmetric MHD and Hall-MHD equations with ${\bf u}=u_r(r,z){\bf e}_r +u_{\theta}(r,z) {\bf e}_{\theta} + u_z(r,z){\bf e}_z, {\bf h}=h_{\theta}(r,z){\bf e}_{\theta}$, indicating that the swirl component of the magnetic field does not affect the triviality. Especially, we establish the maximum principle for the total head pressure $\Phi=\frac {1}{2} (|{\bf u}|^2+|{\bf h}|^2)+p$ for this special solution class.
2016, 36(10): 5287-5307 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016032 +[Abstract](1365) +[PDF](476.8KB)
Abstract:
This paper is concerned with the Cauchy problem of the compressible Navier-Stokes-Smoluchowski equations in $\mathbb{R}^3$. Under the smallness assumption on both the external potential and the initial perturbation of the stationary solution in some Sobolev spaces, the existence theory of global solutions in $H^3$ to the stationary profile is established. Moreover, when the initial perturbation is bounded in $L^p$-norm with $1\leq p< \frac{6}{5}$, we obtain the optimal convergence rates of the solution in $L^q$-norm with $2\leq q\leq 6$ and its first order derivative in $L^2$-norm.
2016, 36(10): 5309-5322 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016033 +[Abstract](1842) +[PDF](418.6KB)
Abstract:
We study the partial regularity of suitable weak solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations with fractional dissipation $\sqrt{-\Delta}^s$ in the critical case of $s=\frac{3}{2}$. We show that the two dimensional Hausdorff measure of space-time singular set of these solutions is zero.
2016, 36(10): 5323-5345 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016034 +[Abstract](1352) +[PDF](520.9KB)
Abstract:
In this paper, we use bifurcation method to investigate the existence and multiplicity of one-sign solutions of the $p$-Laplacian involving a linear/superlinear nonlinearity with zeros. To do this, we first establish a bifurcation theorem from infinity for nonlinear operator equation with homogeneous operator. To deal with the superlinear case, we establish several topological results involving superior limit.
2016, 36(10): 5347-5368 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016035 +[Abstract](898) +[PDF](433.8KB)
Abstract:
In this paper, we study the periodic and eventually periodic points of affine infra-nilmanifold endomorphisms. On the one hand, we give a sufficient condition for a point of the infra-nilmanifold to be (eventually) periodic. In this way we show that if an affine infra-nilmanifold endomorphism has a periodic point, then its set of periodic points forms a dense subset of the manifold. On the other hand, we deduce a necessary condition for eventually periodic points from which a full description of the set of eventually periodic points follows for an arbitrary affine infra-nilmanifold endomorphism.
2016, 36(10): 5369-5386 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016036 +[Abstract](1198) +[PDF](450.6KB)
Abstract:
A time-dependent Stokes fluid flow problem is studied with nonlinear boundary conditions described by the Clarke subdifferential. We present equivalent weak formulations of the problem, one of them in the form of a hemivariational inequality. The existence of a solution is shown through a limiting procedure based on temporally semi-discrete approximations. Uniqueness of the solution and its continuous dependence on data are also established. Finally, we present a result on the existence of a solution to an optimal control problem for the hemivariational inequality.
2016, 36(10): 5387-5400 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016037 +[Abstract](1279) +[PDF](408.3KB)
Abstract:
In this article, we provide the uniform $H^2$-regularity results with respect to $t$ of the solution and its time derivatives for the 2D Cahn-Hilliard equation. Based on sharp a priori estimates for the solution of problem under the assumption on the initial value, we show that the $H^2$-regularity of the solution and its first and second order time derivatives only depend on $\epsilon^{-1}$.
2016, 36(10): 5401-5422 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016038 +[Abstract](1088) +[PDF](417.1KB)
Abstract:
In this paper we investigate the existence of a new family of rotating patches for the planar Euler equations. We shall prove the existence of countable branches bifurcating from the ellipses at some implicit angular velocities. The proof uses bifurcation tools combined with the explicit parametrization of the ellipse through the exterior conformal mappings. The boundary is shown to belong to Hölderian class.
2016, 36(10): 5423-5443 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016039 +[Abstract](1360) +[PDF](261.0KB)
Abstract:
We analyze the optimal global and local convergence properties of continuous Galerkin (CG) solutions on quasi-geometric meshes for delay differential equations with proportional delay. It is shown that with this type of meshes the attainable order of nodal superconvergence of CG solutions is higher than of the one for uniform meshes. The theoretical results are illustrated by a broad range of numerical examples.
2016, 36(10): 5445-5475 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016040 +[Abstract](1139) +[PDF](566.3KB)
Abstract:
In this paper, we discuss the properties of one dimensional quantum Zakharov system which describes the nonlinear interaction between the quantum Langmuir and quantum ion-acoustic waves. The system (1a)-(1b) with initial data $(E(0),n(0),\partial_t n(0))\in H^k\bigoplus H^l\bigoplus H^{l-2}$ is local well-posedness in low regularity spaces (see Theorem 1.1 and Figure 1). Especially, the low regularity result for $k$ satisfies $-3/4 < k \leq -1/4$ is obtained by using the key observation that the convoluted phase function is convex and careful bilinear analysis. The result can not be obtained by using only Strichartz inequalities for Schrödinger" waves.
2016, 36(10): 5477-5492 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016041 +[Abstract](1177) +[PDF](414.1KB)
Abstract:
Let $(\Sigma, \sigma)$ be the one-sided shift space with $m$ symbols and $R_n(x)$ be the first return time of $x\in\Sigma$ to the $n$-th cylinder containing $x$. Denote $$E^\varphi_{\alpha,\beta}=\left\{x\in\Sigma: \liminf_{n\to\infty}\frac{\log R_n(x)}{\varphi(n)}=\alpha,\ \limsup_{n\to\infty}\frac{\log R_n(x)}{\varphi(n)}=\beta\right\},$$ where $\varphi: \mathbb{N}\to \mathbb{R}^+$ is a monotonically increasing function and $0\leq\alpha\leq\beta\leq +\infty$. We show that the Hausdorff dimension of the set $E^\varphi_{\alpha,\beta}$ admits a dichotomy: it is either zero or one depending on $\varphi, \alpha$ and $\beta$.
2016, 36(10): 5493-5508 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016042 +[Abstract](1415) +[PDF](443.8KB)
Abstract:
We first establish the local existence and uniqueness of strong solutions for the Cauchy problem of a generalized Camassa-Holm equation in nonhomogeneous Besov spaces by using the Littlewood-Paley theory. Then, we prove that the solution depends continuously on the initial data in the corresponding Besov space. Finally, we derive a blow-up criterion and present a blow-up result and a blow-up rate of the blow-up solutions to the equation.
2016, 36(10): 5509-5553 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016043 +[Abstract](1398) +[PDF](1107.5KB)
Abstract:
We propose a general framework for constructing and describing infinite type flat surfaces of finite area. Using this method, we characterize the range of dynamical behaviors possible for the vertical translation flows on such flat surfaces. We prove a sufficient condition for ergodicity of this flow and apply the condition to several examples. We present specific examples of infinite type flat surfaces on which the translation flow exhibits dynamical phenomena not realizable by translation flows on finite type flat surfaces.
2016, 36(10): 5555-5578 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016044 +[Abstract](1171) +[PDF](475.4KB)
Abstract:
We introduce the concept of a deterministic walk in a deterministic environment on a state space $S$ (DWDE), focusing on the case where $S$ is countable. For the deterministic walk in a fixed environment we establish properties analogous to those found in Markov chain theory, but for systems that do not in general have the Markov property (in the stochastic process sense). In particular, we establish hypotheses ensuring that a DWDE on $\mathbb{Z}$ is either recurrent or transient. An immediate consequence of this result is that a symmetric DWDE on $\mathbb{Z}$ is recurrent. Moreover, in the transient case, we show that the probability that the DWDE diverges to $+ \infty$ is either 0 or 1. In certain cases we compute the direction of divergence in the transient case.
2016, 36(10): 5579-5594 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016045 +[Abstract](1359) +[PDF](440.6KB)
Abstract:
In this paper, we study the simplified system of the original Ericksen--Leslie equations for the flow of liquid crystals [10]. Under Serrin criteria [13], we prove a partial interior regularity result of weak solutions for the three-dimensional incompressible liquid crystal system.
2016, 36(10): 5595-5626 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016046 +[Abstract](1074) +[PDF](498.8KB)
Abstract:
Consider the problem \notag \left\{\begin{aligned} -\epsilon^2\Delta u&=|u|^p-\Phi_{1} &&\text{in } \Omega\\ u &= 0 &&\text{on }\partial \Omega \end{aligned} \right. where $\epsilon>0$ is a parameter, $\Omega$ is a smooth bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^2$ and $p>2$. Let $\Gamma$ be a stationary non-degenerate closed curve relative to the weighted arc-length $\int_{\Gamma} \Phi_{1}^{\frac{p+3}{2p}}.$ We prove that for $\epsilon>0$ sufficiently small, there exists a solution $u_{\epsilon}$ of the problem, which concentrates near the curve $\Gamma$ whenever $d(\Gamma, \partial \Omega)>c_{0}>0.$ As a result, we prove the higher dimensional concentration for a Ambrosetti-Prodi problem, thereby proving an affirmative result to the conjecture by Hollman-McKenna [9] in two dimensions.
2016, 36(10): 5627-5655 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016047 +[Abstract](1256) +[PDF](405.0KB)
Abstract:
We show existence, nonexistence, and exact multiplicity for stationary limiting problems of a cell polarization model proposed by Y. Mori, A. Jilkine and L. Edelstein-Keshet. It is a nonlinear boundary value problem with total mass constraint. We obtain exact multiplicity results by investigating a global bifurcation sheet which we constructed by using complete elliptic integrals in a previous paper.
2016, 36(10): 5657-5679 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016048 +[Abstract](1886) +[PDF](444.3KB)
Abstract:
A transcendental equation $\lambda + \alpha - \beta\mathrm{e}^{-\lambda\tau} = 0$ with complex coefficients is investigated. This equation can be obtained from the characteristic equation of a linear differential equation with a single constant delay. It is known that the set of roots of this equation can be expressed by the Lambert W function. We analyze the condition on parameters for which all the roots have negative real parts by using the graph-like'' expression of the W function. We apply the obtained results to the stabilization of an unstable equilibrium solution by the delayed feedback control and the stability condition of the synchronous state in oscillator networks.
2016, 36(10): 5681-5707 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016049 +[Abstract](1235) +[PDF](551.2KB)
Abstract:
In this article we study the small Rossby number asymptotics for the three-dimensional primitive equations of the oceans and of the atmosphere. The fast oscillations present in the exact solution are eliminated using an averaging method, the so-called renormalisation group method.
2016, 36(10): 5709-5720 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016050 +[Abstract](1057) +[PDF](377.2KB)
Abstract:
Our aim in this paper is to give lower estimates for solutions of the stationary Schrödinger equation in a cone, which generalize and supplement the result obtained by Matsaev's type theorems for harmonic functions in a half space. Meanwhile, some applications of this conclusion are also given.
2016, 36(10): 5721-5741 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016051 +[Abstract](1201) +[PDF](528.6KB)
Abstract:
We show the existence of solitary wave solutions of finite energy for a model to describe the propagation of internal waves for wave speed $c$ large enough. Furthermore, some of these solutions are approximated using a Newton-type iteration combined with a collocation-spectral strategy for spatial discretization of the corresponding solitary wave equations.
2016, 36(10): 5743-5761 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016052 +[Abstract](1276) +[PDF](433.6KB)
Abstract:
Consider the initial value problem for cubic derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equations in one space dimension. We provide a detailed lower bound estimate for the lifespan of the solution, which can be computed explicitly from the initial data and the nonlinear term. This is an extension and a refinement of the previous work by one of the authors [H. Sunagawa: Osaka J. Math. 43 (2006), 771--789], in which the gauge-invariant nonlinearity was treated.
2016, 36(10): 5763-5788 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016053 +[Abstract](1399) +[PDF](520.9KB)
Abstract:
The global well-posedness of the BBM equation is established in $H^{s,p}(\textbf{R})$ with $s\geq \max\{0,\frac{1}{p}-\frac{1}{2}\}$ and $1\leq p<\infty$. Moreover, the well-posedness results are shown to be sharp in the sense that the solution map is no longer $C^2$ from $H^{s,p}(\textbf{R})$ to $C([0,T];H^{s,p}(\textbf{R}))$ for smaller $s$ or $p$. Finally, some growth bounds of global solutions in terms of time $T$ are proved.
2016, 36(10): 5789-5800 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016054 +[Abstract](1451) +[PDF](424.0KB)
Abstract:
In this paper, we answer affirmatively the problem proposed by A. Selvitella in his work "Nondegeneracy of the ground state for quasilinear Schrödinger equations" (see Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations, 53 (2015), 349-364): every ground state of the quasilinear Schrödinger equation \begin{eqnarray*}-\Delta u-u\Delta |u|^2+\omega u-|u|^{p-1}u=0&&\text{in }\mathbb{R}^N\end{eqnarray*} is nondegenerate for $1< p <3$, where $\omega > 0$ is a given constant and $N \ge1$.
2016, 36(10): 5801-5815 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016055 +[Abstract](1399) +[PDF](426.9KB)
Abstract:
The present paper is devoted to the well-posedness issue of solutions to the $3$-$D$ incompressible magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) equations with horizontal dissipation and horizontal magnetic diffusion. By means of anisotropic Littlewood-Paley analysis we prove the global well-posedness of solutions in the anisotropic Sobolev spaces of type $H^{0,s_0}(\mathbb{R}^3)$ with $s_0>\frac1{2}$ provided the norm of initial data is small enough in the sense that \begin{align*} (\|u_n^h(0)\|_{H^{0,s_0}}^2+\|B_n^h(0)\|_{H^{0,s_0}}^2)\exp \Big\{C_1(\|u_0^3\|_{H^{0,s_0}}^4+\|B_0^3\|_{H^{0,s_0}}^4)\Big\}\leq\varepsilon_0, \end{align*} for some sufficiently small constant $\varepsilon_0.$
2016, 36(10): 5817-5835 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016056 +[Abstract](1858) +[PDF](471.6KB)
Abstract:
The present paper is devoted to the well-posedness issue of solutions of a full system of the $3$-$D$ incompressible magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) equations. By means of Littlewood-Paley analysis we prove the global well-posedness of solutions in the Besov spaces $\dot{B}_{2,1}^\frac1{2}\times B_{2,1}^\frac3{2}\times B_{2,1}^\frac3{2}$ provided the norm of initial data is small enough in the sense that \begin{align*} \big(\|u_0^h\|_{\dot{B}_{2,1}^\frac1{2}} +\|E_0\|_{B_{2,1}^\frac{3}{2}}+\|B_0\|_{B_{2,1}^\frac{3}{2}}\big)\exp \Big\{\frac{C_0}{\nu^2}\|u_0^3\|_{\dot{B}_{2,1}^\frac1{2}}^2\Big\}\leq c_0, \end{align*} for some sufficiently small constant $c_0.$

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