# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

May  2013, 7(2): 353-375. doi: 10.3934/ipi.2013.7.353

## Inverse diffusion from knowledge of power densities

 1 Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York NY, 10027 2 Laboratoire Jean Kuntzmann, Université de Joseph Fourier, CNRS, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France

Received  March 2011 Revised  February 2012 Published  May 2013

This paper concerns the reconstruction of a diffusion coefficient in an elliptic equation from knowledge of several power densities. The power density is the product of the diffusion coefficient with the square of the modulus of the gradient of the elliptic solution. The derivation of such internal functionals comes from perturbing the medium of interest by acoustic (plane) waves, which results in small changes in the diffusion coefficient. After appropriate asymptotic expansions and (Fourier) transformation, this allow us to construct the power density of the equation point-wise inside the domain. Such a setting finds applications in ultrasound modulated electrical impedance tomography and ultrasound modulated optical tomography.
We show that the diffusion coefficient can be uniquely and stably reconstructed from knowledge of a sufficient large number of power densities. Explicit expressions for the reconstruction of the diffusion coefficient are also provided. Such results hold for a large class of boundary conditions for the elliptic equation in the two-dimensional setting. In three dimensions, the results are proved for a more restrictive class of boundary conditions constructed by means of complex geometrical optics solutions.
Citation: Guillaume Bal, Eric Bonnetier, François Monard, Faouzi Triki. Inverse diffusion from knowledge of power densities. Inverse Problems & Imaging, 2013, 7 (2) : 353-375. doi: 10.3934/ipi.2013.7.353
##### References:
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Genack, Acousto-optic tomography with multiply scattered light,, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 14 (1997), 1151. doi: 10.1364/JOSAA.14.001151. Google Scholar [18] P. Kuchment and L. Kunyansky, 2D and 3D reconstructions in acousto-electric tomography,, Inverse Problems, 27 (2011). doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/27/5/055013. Google Scholar [19] O. Kwon, E. J. Woo, J.-R. Yoon and J. K. Seo, Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (mreit): Simulation study of j-substitution algorithm,, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 49 (2002), 160. Google Scholar [20] F. Monard and G. Bal, Inverse diffusion problems with redundant internal information,, Inverse Problems and Imaging, 6 (2012), 289. doi: 10.3934/ipi.2012.6.289. Google Scholar [21] A. Nachman, A. Tamasan and A. Timonov, Conductivity imaging with a single measurement of boundary and interior data,, Inverse Problems, 23 (2007), 2551. doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/23/6/017. Google Scholar [22] A. Nachman, A. Tamasan and A. Timonov, Recovering the conductivity from a single measurement of interior data,, Inverse Problems, 25 (2009). doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/25/3/035014. Google Scholar [23] S. Patch and O. Scherzer, Photo- and thermo- acoustic imaging,, Inverse Problems, 23 (2007). doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/23/6/S01. Google Scholar [24] J. Stuelpnagel, On the parametrization of the three-dimensional rotation group,, SIAM Review, 6 (1964). doi: 10.1137/1006093. Google Scholar [25] J. Sylvester and G. Uhlmann, A global uniqueness theorem for an inverse boundary value problem,, Ann. of Math., 125 (1987), 153. doi: 10.2307/1971291. Google Scholar [26] F. Triki, Uniqueness and stability for the inverse medium problem with internal data,, Inverse Problems, 26 (2010). doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/26/9/095014. Google Scholar [27] G. Uhlmann, Calderón's problem and electrical impedance tomography,, Inverse Problems, 25 (2009). doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/25/12/123011. Google Scholar [28] L. V. Wang, Ultrasound-mediated biophotonic imaging: A review of acousto-optical tomography and photo-acoustic tomography,, Journal of Disease Markers, 19 (2004), 123. Google Scholar [29] H. Zhang and L. Wang, Acousto-electric tomography,, Proc. SPIE, 5320 (2004). doi: 10.1117/12.532610. Google Scholar

show all references

##### References:
 [1] G. Alessandrini and V. Nesi, Univalent $e^\sigma$-harmonic mappings,, Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal., 158 (2001), 155. doi: 10.1007/PL00004242. Google Scholar [2] H. Ammari, E. Bonnetier, Y. Capdeboscq, M. Tanter and M. Fink, Electrical impedance tomography by elastic deformation,, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 68 (2008), 1557. doi: 10.1137/070686408. Google Scholar [3] S. R. Arridge and J. C. Schotland, Optical tomography: Forward and inverse problems,, Inverse Problems, 25 (2010). doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/25/12/123010. Google Scholar [4] M. Atlan, B. C. Forget, F. Ramaz, A. C. Boccara and M. Gross, Pulsed acousto-optic imaging in dynamic scattering media with heterodyne parallel speckle detection,, Optics Letters, 30 (2005), 1360. doi: 10.1364/OL.30.001360. Google Scholar [5] G. Bal, Inverse transport theory and applications,, Inverse Problems, 25 (2009). doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/25/5/053001. Google Scholar [6] _____, Cauchy problem for Ultrasound modulated EIT,, to appear in Analysis & PDE, (2012). Google Scholar [7] G. Bal, K. Ren, G. Uhlmann and T. Zhou, Quantitative thermo-acoustics and related problems,, submitted, 27 (2011). doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/27/5/055007. Google Scholar [8] G. Bal and J. C. Schotland, Inverse scattering and Acousto-Optics imaging,, Phys. Rev. Letters, 104 (2010). doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.043902. Google Scholar [9] G. Bal and G. Uhlmann, Inverse diffusion theory for photoacoustics,, Inverse Problems, 26 (2010). doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/26/8/085010. Google Scholar [10] M. Briane, G. W. Milton and V. Nesi, Change of sign of the corrector's determinant for homogenization in three-dimensional conductivity,, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 173 (2004), 133. doi: 10.1007/s00205-004-0315-8. Google Scholar [11] A. Calderón, On an inverse boundary value problem,, Seminar on Numerical Analysis and its Applications to Continuum Physics, (1980), 65. Google Scholar [12] Y. Capdeboscq, J. Fehrenbach, F. de Gournay and O. Kavian, Imaging by modification: numerical reconstruction of local conductivities from corresponding power density measurements,, SIAM J. Imaging Sciences, 2 (2009), 1003. doi: 10.1137/080723521. Google Scholar [13] B. T. Cox, S. R. Arridge and P. C. Beard, Estimating chromophore distributions from multiwavelength photoacoustic images,, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 26 (2009), 443. doi: 10.1364/JOSAA.26.000443. Google Scholar [14] B. Gebauer and O. Scherzer, Impedance-acoustic tomography,, SIAM J. Applied Math., 69 (2008), 565. doi: 10.1137/080715123. Google Scholar [15] D. Gilbarg and N. S. Trudinger, "Elliptic Partial Differential Equations of Second Order,", Springer-Verlag, (1977). Google Scholar [16] M. W. Hirsch and S. Smale, "Differential Equations, Dynamical Systems, and Linear Algebra,", Academic Press, (1974). Google Scholar [17] M. Kempe, M. Larionov, D. Zaslavsky and A. Z. Genack, Acousto-optic tomography with multiply scattered light,, J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, 14 (1997), 1151. doi: 10.1364/JOSAA.14.001151. Google Scholar [18] P. Kuchment and L. Kunyansky, 2D and 3D reconstructions in acousto-electric tomography,, Inverse Problems, 27 (2011). doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/27/5/055013. Google Scholar [19] O. Kwon, E. J. Woo, J.-R. Yoon and J. K. Seo, Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (mreit): Simulation study of j-substitution algorithm,, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, 49 (2002), 160. Google Scholar [20] F. Monard and G. Bal, Inverse diffusion problems with redundant internal information,, Inverse Problems and Imaging, 6 (2012), 289. doi: 10.3934/ipi.2012.6.289. Google Scholar [21] A. Nachman, A. Tamasan and A. Timonov, Conductivity imaging with a single measurement of boundary and interior data,, Inverse Problems, 23 (2007), 2551. doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/23/6/017. Google Scholar [22] A. Nachman, A. Tamasan and A. Timonov, Recovering the conductivity from a single measurement of interior data,, Inverse Problems, 25 (2009). doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/25/3/035014. Google Scholar [23] S. Patch and O. Scherzer, Photo- and thermo- acoustic imaging,, Inverse Problems, 23 (2007). doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/23/6/S01. Google Scholar [24] J. Stuelpnagel, On the parametrization of the three-dimensional rotation group,, SIAM Review, 6 (1964). doi: 10.1137/1006093. Google Scholar [25] J. Sylvester and G. Uhlmann, A global uniqueness theorem for an inverse boundary value problem,, Ann. of Math., 125 (1987), 153. doi: 10.2307/1971291. Google Scholar [26] F. Triki, Uniqueness and stability for the inverse medium problem with internal data,, Inverse Problems, 26 (2010). doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/26/9/095014. Google Scholar [27] G. Uhlmann, Calderón's problem and electrical impedance tomography,, Inverse Problems, 25 (2009). doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/25/12/123011. Google Scholar [28] L. V. Wang, Ultrasound-mediated biophotonic imaging: A review of acousto-optical tomography and photo-acoustic tomography,, Journal of Disease Markers, 19 (2004), 123. Google Scholar [29] H. Zhang and L. Wang, Acousto-electric tomography,, Proc. SPIE, 5320 (2004). doi: 10.1117/12.532610. Google Scholar
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