ISSN:
1937-5093
eISSN:
1937-5077
Kinetic & Related Models
September 2008 , Volume 1 , Issue 3
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2008, 1(3): 331-354
doi: 10.3934/krm.2008.1.331
+[Abstract](1145)
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Abstract:
The diffusion limit of the linear Boltzmann equation with a strong magnetic field is performed. The giration period of particles around the magnetic field is assumed to be much smaller that the collision relaxation time which is supposed to be much smaller than the macroscopic time. The limiting equation is shown to be a diffusion equation in the parallel direction while in the orthogonal direction, the guiding center motion is obtained. The diffusion constant in the parallel direction is obtained through the study of a new collision operator obtained by averaging the original one. Moreover, a correction to the guiding center motion is derived.
The diffusion limit of the linear Boltzmann equation with a strong magnetic field is performed. The giration period of particles around the magnetic field is assumed to be much smaller that the collision relaxation time which is supposed to be much smaller than the macroscopic time. The limiting equation is shown to be a diffusion equation in the parallel direction while in the orthogonal direction, the guiding center motion is obtained. The diffusion constant in the parallel direction is obtained through the study of a new collision operator obtained by averaging the original one. Moreover, a correction to the guiding center motion is derived.
2008, 1(3): 355-368
doi: 10.3934/krm.2008.1.355
+[Abstract](1264)
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Abstract:
By using the energy-type inequality, we obtain, in this paper, the result on propagation of Gevrey regularity for the solution of the spatially homogeneous Landau equation in the cases of Maxwellian molecules and hard potential.
By using the energy-type inequality, we obtain, in this paper, the result on propagation of Gevrey regularity for the solution of the spatially homogeneous Landau equation in the cases of Maxwellian molecules and hard potential.
2008, 1(3): 369-386
doi: 10.3934/krm.2008.1.369
+[Abstract](1421)
+[PDF](240.6KB)
Abstract:
In this paper we prove that any classical solutions to the Vlasov-Poisson-Landau system (such as the one obtained by Yu in the case being near Maxwellians) become immediately smooth with respect to all variables. This implies that the Vlasov-Poisson-Landau system is a nonlinear and nonlocal analog of an hypoelliptic equation.
In this paper we prove that any classical solutions to the Vlasov-Poisson-Landau system (such as the one obtained by Yu in the case being near Maxwellians) become immediately smooth with respect to all variables. This implies that the Vlasov-Poisson-Landau system is a nonlinear and nonlocal analog of an hypoelliptic equation.
2008, 1(3): 387-404
doi: 10.3934/krm.2008.1.387
+[Abstract](1237)
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Abstract:
A kinetic equation is addressed for the straight line slowing-down of charged particles, the geometrical domain consists of randomly distributed spherical grains of dense material imbedded in a light material. The dense material is assumed to be a Boolean medium (the sphere centers are sampled according to a Poisson random field). We focus on the fraction of particles $P$ which stop in the light medium. After setting some properties of the Boolean medium, we perform an asymptotic analysis in two extreme cases corresponding to grain radius very small and very large with respect to the stopping distance of the dense material. A fitted analytic formula is proposed for the quantity $P$ and results of numerical simulations are presented in order to validate the proposed formula.
A kinetic equation is addressed for the straight line slowing-down of charged particles, the geometrical domain consists of randomly distributed spherical grains of dense material imbedded in a light material. The dense material is assumed to be a Boolean medium (the sphere centers are sampled according to a Poisson random field). We focus on the fraction of particles $P$ which stop in the light medium. After setting some properties of the Boolean medium, we perform an asymptotic analysis in two extreme cases corresponding to grain radius very small and very large with respect to the stopping distance of the dense material. A fitted analytic formula is proposed for the quantity $P$ and results of numerical simulations are presented in order to validate the proposed formula.
2008, 1(3): 405-414
doi: 10.3934/krm.2008.1.405
+[Abstract](1272)
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Abstract:
We consider a simplified Boltzmann equation: spatially homogeneous, two-dimensional, radially symmetric, with Grad's angular cutoff, and linearized around its initial condition. We prove that for a sufficiently singular velocity cross section, the solution may become instantaneously a function, even if the initial condition is a singular measure. To our knowledge, this is the first regularization result in the case with cutoff: all the previous results were relying on the non-integrability of the angular cross section. Furthermore, our result is quite surprising: the regularization occurs for initial conditions that are not too singular, but also not too regular. The objective of the present work is to explain that the singularity of the velocity cross section, which is often considered as a (technical) obstacle to regularization, seems on the contrary to help the regularization.
We consider a simplified Boltzmann equation: spatially homogeneous, two-dimensional, radially symmetric, with Grad's angular cutoff, and linearized around its initial condition. We prove that for a sufficiently singular velocity cross section, the solution may become instantaneously a function, even if the initial condition is a singular measure. To our knowledge, this is the first regularization result in the case with cutoff: all the previous results were relying on the non-integrability of the angular cross section. Furthermore, our result is quite surprising: the regularization occurs for initial conditions that are not too singular, but also not too regular. The objective of the present work is to explain that the singularity of the velocity cross section, which is often considered as a (technical) obstacle to regularization, seems on the contrary to help the regularization.
2008, 1(3): 415-435
doi: 10.3934/krm.2008.1.415
+[Abstract](3041)
+[PDF](271.2KB)
Abstract:
We discuss the Cucker-Smale's (C-S) particle model for flocking, deriving precise conditions for flocking to occur when pairwise interactions are sufficiently strong long range. We then derive a Vlasov-type kinetic model for the C-S particle model and prove it exhibits time-asymptotic flocking behavior for arbitrary compactly supported initial data. Finally, we introduce a hydrodynamic description of flocking based on the C-S Vlasov-type kinetic model and prove flocking behavior without closure of higher moments.
We discuss the Cucker-Smale's (C-S) particle model for flocking, deriving precise conditions for flocking to occur when pairwise interactions are sufficiently strong long range. We then derive a Vlasov-type kinetic model for the C-S particle model and prove it exhibits time-asymptotic flocking behavior for arbitrary compactly supported initial data. Finally, we introduce a hydrodynamic description of flocking based on the C-S Vlasov-type kinetic model and prove flocking behavior without closure of higher moments.
2008, 1(3): 437-452
doi: 10.3934/krm.2008.1.437
+[Abstract](1215)
+[PDF](6900.9KB)
Abstract:
From a Vlasov-type kinetic equation with nonlocal braking and acceleration forces, taken as a traffic model for higher densities, we derive macroscopic equations generalizing the second order model of conservation laws suggested by Aw and Rascle [1] and Zhang [19]. The nonlocality remains present in these equations, but more conventional, local equations are derived by using suitable Taylor expansion. A second order model of this type is discussed in some detail and is shown to possess traveling wave solutions that resemble stop-and-go waves in dense traffic. A phase space analysis suggests that inside the class of such traveling waves there are steady solutions that are stable.
From a Vlasov-type kinetic equation with nonlocal braking and acceleration forces, taken as a traffic model for higher densities, we derive macroscopic equations generalizing the second order model of conservation laws suggested by Aw and Rascle [1] and Zhang [19]. The nonlocality remains present in these equations, but more conventional, local equations are derived by using suitable Taylor expansion. A second order model of this type is discussed in some detail and is shown to possess traveling wave solutions that resemble stop-and-go waves in dense traffic. A phase space analysis suggests that inside the class of such traveling waves there are steady solutions that are stable.
2008, 1(3): 453-489
doi: 10.3934/krm.2008.1.453
+[Abstract](2271)
+[PDF](398.4KB)
Abstract:
The spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation without angular cutoff is discussed on the regularity of solutions for the modified hard potential and Debye-Yukawa potential. When the angular singularity of the cross section is moderate, any weak solution having the finite mass, energy and entropy lies in the Sobolev space of infinite order for any positive time, while for the general potentials, it lies in the Schwartz space if it has moments of arbitrary order. The main ingredients of the proof are the suitable choice of the mollifiers composed of pseudo-differential operators and the sharp estimates of the commutators of the Boltzmann collision operator and pseudo-differential operators. The method developed here also provides some new estimates on the collision operator.
The spatially homogeneous Boltzmann equation without angular cutoff is discussed on the regularity of solutions for the modified hard potential and Debye-Yukawa potential. When the angular singularity of the cross section is moderate, any weak solution having the finite mass, energy and entropy lies in the Sobolev space of infinite order for any positive time, while for the general potentials, it lies in the Schwartz space if it has moments of arbitrary order. The main ingredients of the proof are the suitable choice of the mollifiers composed of pseudo-differential operators and the sharp estimates of the commutators of the Boltzmann collision operator and pseudo-differential operators. The method developed here also provides some new estimates on the collision operator.
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