Dynamics of weak solutions for the three dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with nonlinear damping

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December 2018, 23(10): 4267-4284. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018137

Dynamics of weak solutions for the three dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with nonlinear damping

Fang Li ^1, , Bo You ^2,, and Yao Xu ^3,

1.	School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
2.	School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
3.	Department of Mathematics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China

* Corresponding author

Received October 2017 Revised December 2017 Published April 2018

Fund Project: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China Grant (11401459)

The main objective of this paper is to study the existence of a finite dimensional global attractor for the three dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with nonlinear damping for $r>4.$ Motivated by the idea of [1], even though we can obtain the existence of a global attractor for $r≥ 2$ by the multi-valued semi-flow, it is very difficult to provide any information about its fractal dimension. Therefore, we prove the existence of a global attractor in H and provide the upper bound of its fractal dimension by the methods of $\ell$-trajectories in this paper.

Keywords: Navier-Stokes equations, nonlinear damping, global attractor, fractal dimension, the methods of ℓ-trajectories.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 35B41, 37L30; Secondary: 35Q30, 76D05.

Citation: Fang Li, Bo You, Yao Xu. Dynamics of weak solutions for the three dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with nonlinear damping. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2018, 23 (10) : 4267-4284. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018137

References:

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[2]	D. Bresch and B. Desjardins, Existence of global weak solutions for a 2D viscous shallow water equations and convergence to the quasi-geostrophic model, Comm. Math. Phys., 238 (2003), 211-223. doi: 10.1007/s00220-003-0859-8.
[3]	D. Bresch, B. Desjardins and C. K. Lin, On some compressible fluid models: Korteweg, lubrication, and shallow water systems, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 28 (2003), 843-868. doi: 10.1081/PDE-120020499.
[4]	X. J. Cai and Q. S. Jiu, Weak and strong solutions for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with damping, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 343 (2008), 799-809. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2008.01.041.
[5]	V. V. Chepyzhov and M. I. Vishik, Attractors for Equations of Mathematical Physics, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2002.
[6]	A. Cheskidov and C. Foias, On global attractors of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations, J. Differential Equations, 231 (2006), 714-754. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2006.08.021.
[7]	A. Cheskidov and S. S. Lu, Uniform global attractors for the nonautonomous 3D Navier-Stokes equations, Adv. Math., 267 (2014), 277-306. doi: 10.1016/j.aim.2014.09.005.
[8]	B. Q. Dong and Y. Jia, Stability behaviors of Leray weak solutions to the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 30 (2016), 41-58. doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2015.10.011.
[9]	F. Flandoli and B. Schmalfuß, Weak solutions and attractors for three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with nonregular force, J. Dynam. Differential Equations, 11 (1999), 355-398. doi: 10.1023/A:1021937715194.
[10]	L. Hsiao, Quasilinear Hyperbolic Systems and Dissipative Mechanisms, World Scientific, London, 1997.
[11]	F. M. Huang and R. H. Pan, Convergence rate for compressible Euler equations with damping and vacuum, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 166 (2003), 359-376. doi: 10.1007/s00205-002-0234-5.
[12]	Y. Jia, X. W. Zhang and B. Q. Dong, The asymptotic behavior of solutions to three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with nonlinear damping, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 12 (2011), 1736-1747. doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2010.11.006.
[13]	Z. H. Jiang, Asymptotic behavior of strong solutions to the 3D Navier-Stokes equations with a nonlinear damping term, Nonlinear Anal., 75 (2012), 5002-5009. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2012.04.014.
[14]	Z. H. Jiang and M. X. Zhu, The large time behavior of solutions to 3D Navier-Stokes equations with nonlinear damping, Math. Methods Appl. Sci., 35 (2012), 97-102. doi: 10.1002/mma.1540.
[15]	A. V. Kapustyan and J. Valero, Weak and strong attractors for the 3D Navier-Stokes system, J. Differential Equations, 240 (2007), 249-278. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2007.06.008.
[16]	Q. F. Ma, S. H. Wang and C. K. Zhong, Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of global attractors for semigroups and applications, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 51 (2002), 1541-1559. doi: 10.1512/iumj.2002.51.2255.
[17]	J. Málek and J. Nečas, A finite-dimensional attractor for three-dimensional flow of incompressible fluids, J. Differential Equations, 127 (1996), 498-518. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.1996.0080.
[18]	J. Málek and D. Pražák, Large time behavior via the method of $\ell$-trajectories, J. Differential Equations, 181 (2002), 243-279. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.2001.4087.
[19]	C. Y. Qian, A remark on the global regularity for the 3D Navier-Stokes equations, Appl. Math. Lett., 57 (2016), 126-131. doi: 10.1016/j.aml.2016.01.016.
[20]	J. C. Robinson, Infinite-dimensional Dynamical Systems: An Introduction to Dissipative Parabolic PDEs and the Theory of Global Attractors, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001.
[21]	R. M. S. Rosa, Asymptotic regularity conditions for the strong convergence towards weak limit sets and weak attractors of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations, J. Differential Equations, 229 (2006), 257-269. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2006.03.004.
[22]	G. R. Sell, Global attractor for the three dimensional Navier-Stokes equations, J. Dynam. Differential Equations, 8 (1996), 1-33. doi: 10.1007/BF02218613.
[23]	J. Simon, Compact sets in the space $L^p(0,T;B)$, Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata, 146 (1987), 65-96.
[24]	X. L. Song and Y. R. Hou, Attractors for the three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with damping, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 31 (2011), 239-252. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2011.31.239.
[25]	X. L. Song and Y. R. Hou, Uniform attractors for three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with nonlinear damping, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 422 (2015), 337-351. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2014.08.044.
[26]	X. L. Song, F. Liang and J. Su, Exponential attractor for the three dimensional Navier-Stokes equation with nonlinear damping, Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics: Advances and Applications, 14 (2015), 27-39.
[27]	X. L. Song, F. Liang and J. H. Wu, Pullback $\mathcal{D}$-attractors for three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with nonlinear damping, Bound. Value Probl., 2016 (2016), 15pp.
[28]	R. Temam, Navier-Stokes Equations, Theory and Numerical Analysis, North-Holland, New York, 1977.
[29]	R. Temam, Infinite-dimensional Dynamical Systems in Mechanics and Physics, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1997.
[30]	B. You and C. K. Zhong, Global attractors for p-Laplacian equations with dynamic flux boundary conditions, Adv. Nonlinear Stud., 13 (2013), 391-410.
[31]	Z. J. Zhang, X. L. Wu and M. Lu, On the uniqueness of strong solution to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with damping, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 377 (2011), 414-419. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2010.11.019.
[32]	C. K. Zhong, M. H. Yang and C. Y. Sun, The existence of global attractors for the norm-to-weak continuous semigroup and application to the nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations, J. Differential Equations, 223 (2006), 367-399. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2005.06.008.
[33]	Y. Zhou, Regularity and uniqueness for the 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with damping, Appl. Math. Lett., 25 (2012), 1822-1825. doi: 10.1016/j.aml.2012.02.029.

show all references

References:

[1]	J. M. Ball, Continuity properties and global attractors of generalized semiflows and the Navier-Stokes equations, J. Nonlinear Sci., 7 (1997), 475-502. doi: 10.1007/s003329900037.
[2]	D. Bresch and B. Desjardins, Existence of global weak solutions for a 2D viscous shallow water equations and convergence to the quasi-geostrophic model, Comm. Math. Phys., 238 (2003), 211-223. doi: 10.1007/s00220-003-0859-8.
[3]	D. Bresch, B. Desjardins and C. K. Lin, On some compressible fluid models: Korteweg, lubrication, and shallow water systems, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 28 (2003), 843-868. doi: 10.1081/PDE-120020499.
[4]	X. J. Cai and Q. S. Jiu, Weak and strong solutions for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with damping, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 343 (2008), 799-809. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2008.01.041.
[5]	V. V. Chepyzhov and M. I. Vishik, Attractors for Equations of Mathematical Physics, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2002.
[6]	A. Cheskidov and C. Foias, On global attractors of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations, J. Differential Equations, 231 (2006), 714-754. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2006.08.021.
[7]	A. Cheskidov and S. S. Lu, Uniform global attractors for the nonautonomous 3D Navier-Stokes equations, Adv. Math., 267 (2014), 277-306. doi: 10.1016/j.aim.2014.09.005.
[8]	B. Q. Dong and Y. Jia, Stability behaviors of Leray weak solutions to the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 30 (2016), 41-58. doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2015.10.011.
[9]	F. Flandoli and B. Schmalfuß, Weak solutions and attractors for three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with nonregular force, J. Dynam. Differential Equations, 11 (1999), 355-398. doi: 10.1023/A:1021937715194.
[10]	L. Hsiao, Quasilinear Hyperbolic Systems and Dissipative Mechanisms, World Scientific, London, 1997.
[11]	F. M. Huang and R. H. Pan, Convergence rate for compressible Euler equations with damping and vacuum, Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal., 166 (2003), 359-376. doi: 10.1007/s00205-002-0234-5.
[12]	Y. Jia, X. W. Zhang and B. Q. Dong, The asymptotic behavior of solutions to three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with nonlinear damping, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 12 (2011), 1736-1747. doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2010.11.006.
[13]	Z. H. Jiang, Asymptotic behavior of strong solutions to the 3D Navier-Stokes equations with a nonlinear damping term, Nonlinear Anal., 75 (2012), 5002-5009. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2012.04.014.
[14]	Z. H. Jiang and M. X. Zhu, The large time behavior of solutions to 3D Navier-Stokes equations with nonlinear damping, Math. Methods Appl. Sci., 35 (2012), 97-102. doi: 10.1002/mma.1540.
[15]	A. V. Kapustyan and J. Valero, Weak and strong attractors for the 3D Navier-Stokes system, J. Differential Equations, 240 (2007), 249-278. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2007.06.008.
[16]	Q. F. Ma, S. H. Wang and C. K. Zhong, Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of global attractors for semigroups and applications, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 51 (2002), 1541-1559. doi: 10.1512/iumj.2002.51.2255.
[17]	J. Málek and J. Nečas, A finite-dimensional attractor for three-dimensional flow of incompressible fluids, J. Differential Equations, 127 (1996), 498-518. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.1996.0080.
[18]	J. Málek and D. Pražák, Large time behavior via the method of $\ell$-trajectories, J. Differential Equations, 181 (2002), 243-279. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.2001.4087.
[19]	C. Y. Qian, A remark on the global regularity for the 3D Navier-Stokes equations, Appl. Math. Lett., 57 (2016), 126-131. doi: 10.1016/j.aml.2016.01.016.
[20]	J. C. Robinson, Infinite-dimensional Dynamical Systems: An Introduction to Dissipative Parabolic PDEs and the Theory of Global Attractors, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001.
[21]	R. M. S. Rosa, Asymptotic regularity conditions for the strong convergence towards weak limit sets and weak attractors of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations, J. Differential Equations, 229 (2006), 257-269. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2006.03.004.
[22]	G. R. Sell, Global attractor for the three dimensional Navier-Stokes equations, J. Dynam. Differential Equations, 8 (1996), 1-33. doi: 10.1007/BF02218613.
[23]	J. Simon, Compact sets in the space $L^p(0,T;B)$, Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata, 146 (1987), 65-96.
[24]	X. L. Song and Y. R. Hou, Attractors for the three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with damping, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 31 (2011), 239-252. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2011.31.239.
[25]	X. L. Song and Y. R. Hou, Uniform attractors for three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with nonlinear damping, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 422 (2015), 337-351. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2014.08.044.
[26]	X. L. Song, F. Liang and J. Su, Exponential attractor for the three dimensional Navier-Stokes equation with nonlinear damping, Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics: Advances and Applications, 14 (2015), 27-39.
[27]	X. L. Song, F. Liang and J. H. Wu, Pullback $\mathcal{D}$-attractors for three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with nonlinear damping, Bound. Value Probl., 2016 (2016), 15pp.
[28]	R. Temam, Navier-Stokes Equations, Theory and Numerical Analysis, North-Holland, New York, 1977.
[29]	R. Temam, Infinite-dimensional Dynamical Systems in Mechanics and Physics, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1997.
[30]	B. You and C. K. Zhong, Global attractors for p-Laplacian equations with dynamic flux boundary conditions, Adv. Nonlinear Stud., 13 (2013), 391-410.
[31]	Z. J. Zhang, X. L. Wu and M. Lu, On the uniqueness of strong solution to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with damping, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 377 (2011), 414-419. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2010.11.019.
[32]	C. K. Zhong, M. H. Yang and C. Y. Sun, The existence of global attractors for the norm-to-weak continuous semigroup and application to the nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations, J. Differential Equations, 223 (2006), 367-399. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2005.06.008.
[33]	Y. Zhou, Regularity and uniqueness for the 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with damping, Appl. Math. Lett., 25 (2012), 1822-1825. doi: 10.1016/j.aml.2012.02.029.

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