# American Institue of Mathematical Sciences

2011, 31(3): 709-735. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2011.31.709

## An example of rapid evolution of complex limit cycles

 1 Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke W. Montreal, QC H3A 2K6, Canada

Received  May 2010 Revised  June 2011 Published  August 2011

In the current article we study complex cycles of higher multiplicity in a specific polynomial family of holomorphic foliations in the complex plane. The family in question is a perturbation of an exact polynomial one-form giving rise to a foliation by Riemann surfaces. In this setting, a complex cycle is defined as a nontrivial element of the fundamental group of a leaf from the foliation. In addition to that, we introduce the notion of a multi-fold cycle and show that in our example there exists a limit cycle of any multiplicity. Furthermore, such a cycle gives rise to a one-parameter family of cycles continuously depending on the perturbation parameter. As the parameter decreases in absolute value, the cycles from the continuous family escape from a very large subdomain of the complex plane.
Citation: Nikolay Dimitrov. An example of rapid evolution of complex limit cycles. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2011, 31 (3) : 709-735. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2011.31.709
##### References:
 [1] V. Arnol'd, S. Guseĭn-Zade and A. Varchenko, "Singularities of Differentiable Maps Vol. II, Monodromy and Asymptotic Integrals,", Monographs in Mathematics, 83 (1988). [2] G. Binyamini, D. Novikov and S. Yakovenko, On the number of zeros of Abelian integrals,, Invent. Math., 181 (2010), 227. doi: 10.1007/s00222-010-0244-0. [3] L. Carleson and T. W. Gamelin, "Complex Dynamics,", Universitext: Tracts in Mathematics, (1993). [4] E. M. Chirka, "Complex Analytic Sets,", Mathematics and its Applications (Soviet Series), 46 (1989). [5] J. Conway, "Functions of One Complex Variable,", 2nd edition, 11 (1978). [6] N. Dimitrov, Rapid evolution of complex limit cycles,, preprint, (). [7] N. Dimitrov, Rapid evolution of complex limit cycles,, Ph.D. thesis, (2009). [8] R. C. Gunning and H. Rossi, "Analytic Functions of Several Complex Variables,", Prentice-Hall, (1965). [9] A. Hatcher, "Algebraic Topology,", Cambridge University Press, (2002). [10] M. W. Hirsch, "Differential Topology,", Graduate Texts in Mathematics, (1976). [11] Yu. Ilyashenko, Centennial history of Hilbert's 16th problem,, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (New Series), 39 (2002), 301. doi: 10.1090/S0273-0979-02-00946-1. [12] Yu. Ilyashenko and S. Yakovenko, "Lectures on Analytic Differential Equations,", Graduate Studies in Mathematics, 86 (2008). [13] J. Milnor, "Dynamics in One Complex Variable,", Third edition, 160 (2006). [14] I. G. Petrovskiĭ and E. M. Landis, On the number of limit cycles of the equation $dw$/$dz=$ $P(z,w)$/$Q(z,w)$, where $P$ and $Q$ are polynomials of 2nd degree, (in Russian),, Matem. Sb. N. S., 37 (1955), 209. [15] I. G. Petrovskiĭ and E. M. Landis, On the number of limit cycles of the equation $dw$/$dz=$ $P(z,w)$/$Q(z,w)$, where $P$ and $Q$ are polynomials, (in Russian),, Matem. Sb. N. S., 43 (1957), 149. [16] L. S. Pontryagin, On dynamical systems that are close to integrable,, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., 4 (1934), 234. [17] W. Thurston, "Three-Dimensional Geometry and Topology,", Vol. I, 35 (1997).

show all references

##### References:
 [1] V. Arnol'd, S. Guseĭn-Zade and A. Varchenko, "Singularities of Differentiable Maps Vol. II, Monodromy and Asymptotic Integrals,", Monographs in Mathematics, 83 (1988). [2] G. Binyamini, D. Novikov and S. Yakovenko, On the number of zeros of Abelian integrals,, Invent. Math., 181 (2010), 227. doi: 10.1007/s00222-010-0244-0. [3] L. Carleson and T. W. Gamelin, "Complex Dynamics,", Universitext: Tracts in Mathematics, (1993). [4] E. M. Chirka, "Complex Analytic Sets,", Mathematics and its Applications (Soviet Series), 46 (1989). [5] J. Conway, "Functions of One Complex Variable,", 2nd edition, 11 (1978). [6] N. Dimitrov, Rapid evolution of complex limit cycles,, preprint, (). [7] N. Dimitrov, Rapid evolution of complex limit cycles,, Ph.D. thesis, (2009). [8] R. C. Gunning and H. Rossi, "Analytic Functions of Several Complex Variables,", Prentice-Hall, (1965). [9] A. Hatcher, "Algebraic Topology,", Cambridge University Press, (2002). [10] M. W. Hirsch, "Differential Topology,", Graduate Texts in Mathematics, (1976). [11] Yu. Ilyashenko, Centennial history of Hilbert's 16th problem,, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (New Series), 39 (2002), 301. doi: 10.1090/S0273-0979-02-00946-1. [12] Yu. Ilyashenko and S. Yakovenko, "Lectures on Analytic Differential Equations,", Graduate Studies in Mathematics, 86 (2008). [13] J. Milnor, "Dynamics in One Complex Variable,", Third edition, 160 (2006). [14] I. G. Petrovskiĭ and E. M. Landis, On the number of limit cycles of the equation $dw$/$dz=$ $P(z,w)$/$Q(z,w)$, where $P$ and $Q$ are polynomials of 2nd degree, (in Russian),, Matem. Sb. N. S., 37 (1955), 209. [15] I. G. Petrovskiĭ and E. M. Landis, On the number of limit cycles of the equation $dw$/$dz=$ $P(z,w)$/$Q(z,w)$, where $P$ and $Q$ are polynomials, (in Russian),, Matem. Sb. N. S., 43 (1957), 149. [16] L. S. Pontryagin, On dynamical systems that are close to integrable,, Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz., 4 (1934), 234. [17] W. Thurston, "Three-Dimensional Geometry and Topology,", Vol. I, 35 (1997).
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